![]() ![]() Countries with higher life expectancies score higher HDI than countries with lower life expectancies. ![]() ![]() It is one of the tools policymakers use in measuring a nation’s Human Development Index. It highlights the characteristics and future trends of a given population. Life expectancy is an important aspect of demography. Period life expectancy is the average life length of all individuals born in a specific year assumed to be exposed to observed mortality rates at a given time. Cohort life expectancy is the mean life length of all individuals born in a specific year. There are two categories of life expectancy cohort and period life expectancy. The fraction obtained above is used to calculate a “life table” which shows the evolving survival probabilities and life expectancies by age. For instance, the number of people aged 20-25 years who died in 2010 divided by the number of people aged 20-25 who are alive in 2020. Estimating the age-specific mortality rate involves counting the number of deaths within a specific age range at a given time then dividing by the total number of people of the same age range who are alive at a given point within the same interval. Life expectancy is estimated by predicting an individual’s survival probability, based on trends of the age-specific mortality rates. However, for policy analysis, such as determining an individual’s years of Social Security and Medicare benefits, base ages such as 65 or 75 are often used. That is, the years a person is expected to live immediately they are born. Mostly, the base age (age X) selected for determining the life expectancy of an individual is 0.0 years. Life expectancy is the average number of years that a person in a given population is expected to live after attaining “X” years. This article discusses how the life expectancy varies across the world and which countries have the lowest and highest life expectancies and why. Several factors like the status of economic wellbeing of the nation, living standards, healthcare facilities, education, health behaviors of the population, etc., influence life expectancy. However, the average life expectancies of the populations of countries continue to vary widely across the world from 89.4 years for Monaco to 53.25 for Afghanistan. People from all world regions now live a little longer than they did 70 years ago. Over the last seven decades, the global average life expectancy has increased by about 25 years. Norway, which had the best health care system, had a life expectancy of 72.3 years in 1950. Today’s global average life expectancy is higher than any other nation in 1950. However, women have higher life expectancy than men, despite their higher morbidity rate. According to the United Nations, the global average life expectancy is 72.6 years. ![]()
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